SnapShot: CGAS-STING Signaling

Cell-free tumor microparticle vaccines stimulate dendritic cells via cGAS/STING signaling.

Tumor antigens and innate signals are vital considerations in developing new therapeutic or prophylactic antitumor vaccines. The role or requirement of intact tumor cells in the development of an effective tumor vaccine remains incompletely understood. This study reveals the mechanism by which tumor cell-derived microparticles (T-MP) can act as a cell-free tumor vaccine. Vaccinations with T-MPs...

Cytosolic RNA:DNA hybrids activate the cGAS-STING axis.

Intracellular recognition of non-self and also self-nucleic acids can result in the initiation of potent pro-inflammatory and antiviral cytokine responses. Most recently, cGAS was shown to be critical for the recognition of cytoplasmic dsDNA. Binding of dsDNA to cGAS results in the synthesis of cGAMP(2'-5'), which then binds to the endoplasmic reticulum resident protein STING. This initiates a ...

Influenza A virus targets a cGAS-independent STING pathway that controls enveloped RNA viruses

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is known be involved in control of DNA viruses but has an unexplored role in control of RNA viruses. During infection with DNA viruses STING is activated downstream of cGAMP synthase (cGAS) to induce type I interferon. Here we identify a STING-dependent, cGAS-independent pathway important for full interferon production and antiviral control of enveloped RN...

Listeria monocytogenes induces IFNβ expression through an IFI16-, cGAS- and STING-dependent pathway.

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium, which replicates in the cytoplasm of myeloid cells. Interferon β (IFNβ) has been reported to play an important role in the mechanisms underlying Listeria disease. Although studies in murine cells have proposed the bacteria-derived cyclic-di-AMP to be the key bacterial immunostimulatory molecule, the mechanism for IFN...

SnapShot: p38 MAPK Signaling